Joseph F. Donnermeyer, Pat Jobes, and Elaine Barclay, "Sociological Theory, Social Change, and Crime in Rural Communities," in Denis and Kalekin-Fishman, eds., Contemporary Sociology: Conflict, Competition, Cooperation, (Los Angeles: Sage, ????), 306-320.

(309) "three common features of rural communities" affecting analysis of rural crime. (1) "smaller populations and population densities," (2) "Patterns of daily life are comparatively more limited than in urban communities, and involve a greater share of persistent personal face-to-face interactions among people who know each other." (3) isolation and autonomy vs. globalization.

(311) summarizes nature of community's organization or disorganization. Three sources (1) "informal relations among primary groups" meighbors, cliques, extended family (2) overlapping webs of reciprocity in primary groups (3) external links and social capital.

(312) Summarizing Jobes, et al. on New Zealand, rural community crime was closely related to variables of social disorganization and disruption, and social capital, and not to economic conditions and economic stresses that shaped urban crime.

(313+) Lists five factors affecting rural crime. (1) proximity of rural communities to larger urban areas, especially in times of high change (2) Poverty, especially when disruptions produce sub-croup value, norm and loyalty divergences, and highlight intra-group inequalities; includes male masculinity and rural patriarchy tied to rural poverty and domestic violence. (3) residential mobility, with high rates of in/out flow, transitory and lacking cohesion; (4) racial/ethnic differences (5) Family and extended family "a primary source of socialization" (Citing Oetting, 1998); when absent, ganges and cliques take place
posted by Lloyd at 1:12 PM