Michael P. Conzen, "The Morphology of Nineteenth Century Cities in the United States, in W. Borah, J Hardoy, and G. Stelter, eds., Urbanization in the Americas: the Background in Comparative Perspective (Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1980).
posted by Lloyd at 2:50 PM
Pierce F. Lewis, "The Northeast and the making of American Geographical Habits," in Michael P. Conzen., ed., _The Making of the American Landscape_ (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990), 80-103.
(p. 95) Lewis contrasts European pattern of "agricultural village" and town-houses, with scattered settlements, even in towns, where the stand-alone house with a yard was the ideal.
(p. 96-98) Cites Michael Conzen, "What makes the American Landscape," Geographical Magazine 53 (1980), 36-41 on why the grid city took off (except in New England).
(102) The Pennsylvania cultural hearth "grid city" became ubiquitous in the western settlements.
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Sam B. Hilliard, "Plantations and the Molding of the Southern Landscape" ibid, 104-126.
(p. 117) "The stunting of the growth of interior towns corresponded strongly to the emergence of plantations in given areas. Once again, the spread of the upland cotton plantations seemed to have played a pivotal role in the survival or creation of interior towns in the South. One basis for the retarded development of interior towns lay in the quasi-industrial nature of the plantation itself. Early on, in Virginia and the Piedmont, the plantations had little need of town services when the excellent river transportation facilitated trade between plantation and England with relative ease. (117-118)... 'Plantations themselves produced many of the items than in other areas of the United States were available only in towns."
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James E. Vance, Jr., "Democratic Utopia and the American Landscape, Ibid, 204-220.
(215) Notes that the dispersed family farm was itself a Utopian design, but one that became ubiquitous, "became so nearly universal as to constitute a perceived fundamental element of American life and landscape."
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David R. Meyer, "The New Industrial Order," Ibid, 249-268.
(251) Describes the emergence of antebellum industrial cities. "Each industrial system included a regional metropolis, which provided specialized financial, wholesaling, and transportation services for economic activity within its region and served as controller and coordinator of economic exchange with other regions. Smaller industrial cities surrounded each metropolis. "
(252) "Transportation improvements were critical to the growth of each region."
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William Wyckoff, "Landscapes of Private Power and Wealth." Ibid, 335-354.
(339) The desire for social homogeneity and spatial exclusivity is even more dramatically displayed in the consciously-designed garden suburb of the late 19th and 20th centuries. These planned upper class communities originated in the 1860s with Llewellyn Park near West Orange, New Jersey, and in later decades the garden suburb became a well-developed and almost standardized landscape feature on the periphery of most sizable American cities."
(340-1) describes tension for exclusivity versus desire to see and be seen. Contrasts old money (restrained) and new (be seen).
(citing J.C. Bonner, "House and Landscape Design in the Antebellum South," Landscape 21 (1977), 2-8.)
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Michael Conzen's afterward has a fine map of American landscape regions, following Zilensky, Meinig, Jordan, Mitchell, and others, showing paths of cultural diffusion. Indiana has at least two east-west zones, Mississippi a variety, dominated by the coast/Mobile, the Mississippi river, and and extended Southern piedmont
posted by Lloyd at 2:42 PM
Wailes (p. 184) notes the relative absence of water power potential as a factor in the small number of wheat flour mills in Mississippi.
posted by Lloyd at 12:48 PM
B.F.C. Wailes report (p. 174) notes that the Georgia-style screw press was widespread in the Northern and eastern counties. (Cultural diffusion.) In the river counties the Newel press (invented in Louisiana) was widespread.
posted by Lloyd at 12:35 PM
Manning's fine discussion of attitudes toward government in the north vs. the south cites an article by Philip Paludan in the AHR, and also his "people's contest." esp. part 1" on the point of higher density meaning more direct loyalty to state and local government at the emotional level.
# The American Civil War Considered as a Crisis in Law and Order
# Author(s): Phillip S. Paludan
# Source: The American Historical Review, Vol. 77, No. 4 (Oct., 1972), pp. 1013-1034
# Published by: American Historical Association
# Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1859506
posted by Lloyd at 8:16 AM 